Rate of change from a table, step by step

How much does y move for every ONE x?

The question
x7121722y90654015y at 0

x: 7, 12, 17, 22 y: 90, 65, 40, 15

x7121722y90654015
x steps555y steps−25−25−25
y step = −25x step = 5
−25÷5=−5
x = 7x = 0
5 each step× 7
at x = 0, y = 125
  1. Rate of change means how much y moves for every ONE x. So it is a division, and the two things being divided are both differences: how far y went, over how far x went.
  2. Take both rows of steps. x moves 5, 5, 5 — the same each time — and y moves −25, −25, −25. They are steady, so this table really does have one rate rather than a different one in every gap.
  3. Written out, that is one step of each: y moved −25 while x moved 5. Those two numbers are the whole of the division below.
  4. Now divide: −25 ÷ 5 = −5. This is the step that gets skipped — −25 is how far y went over 5 of them, not over one.
  5. The table starts at x = 7, not at 0, so the value there is not written down — step back to it. Going one x backwards adds 5 to y each time, and there are 7 to go.
  6. 90 + 35 = 125. So at x = 0 the value would be 125 — at x = 7 the value is 90, and stepping back 7 of them at −5 each gives 125.

How it works.

  1. 01

    Rate of change means how much y moves for every ONE x. So it is a division, and the two things being divided are both differences: how far y went, over how far x went.

  2. 02

    Take both rows of steps. x moves 5, 5, 5 — the same each time — and y moves −25, −25, −25. They are steady, so this table really does have one rate rather than a different one in every gap.

  3. 03

    Written out, that is one step of each: y moved −25 while x moved 5. Those two numbers are the whole of the division below.

  4. 04

    Now divide: −25 ÷ 5 = −5. This is the step that gets skipped — −25 is how far y went over 5 of them, not over one.

  5. 05

    The table starts at x = 7, not at 0, so the value there is not written down — step back to it. Going one x backwards adds 5 to y each time, and there are 7 to go.

  6. 06

    90 + 35 = 125. So at x = 0 the value would be 125 — at x = 7 the value is 90, and stepping back 7 of them at −5 each gives 125.