The equation of a circle, step by step

(x − h)² + (y − k)² = r² hides two things a student has to un-hide.

The question

Find the center and radius of x² + y² − 8x + 7 = 0.

Find the center and radius of x² + y² − 8x + 7 = 0

x² + y² − 8x + 7 = 0
(x² − 8x) + y² = −7
(x² − 8x + 16) + y² = 9
(x − 4)² + y² = 9
center (4, 0)r = 3
  1. Group the x terms and the y terms, and move the number to the other side.
  2. Complete the square: halve the x coefficient and square it (4² = 16). Add 16 to each side, so the right-hand side becomes −7 + 16 = 9.
  3. Each bracket is now a perfect square, and the right-hand side is r².
  4. So the center is (4, 0) and the radius is √9 = 3.

How it works.

  1. 01

    Group the x terms and the y terms, and move the number to the other side.

  2. 02

    Complete the square: halve the x coefficient and square it (4² = 16). Add 16 to each side, so the right-hand side becomes −7 + 16 = 9.

  3. 03

    Each bracket is now a perfect square, and the right-hand side is r².

  4. 04

    So the center is (4, 0) and the radius is √9 = 3.