Power Up the Moon Base
Read each problem. Write the answer.
Free · Grade 4–5 · Write x + p = q, p × x = q
Working on equation word problems? Print this sheet as it is, or change the level and questions first.

The answer key prints on a separate page.
Every problem hides one unknown quantity, and the child's job is to represent it. A story where an amount starts unknown, grows, and ends at a total becomes x + p = q; a story where equal groups make a total becomes p × x = q. Writing that equation is the real skill — it is the first time a child uses a letter to stand for a number they do not know yet, which is exactly where algebra begins.
The numbers stay deliberately small so the work is the modelling, not the arithmetic. Solving x + 12 = 27 or 3 × x = 24 is easy once the equation is written; the difficulty the sheet builds is reading a situation and turning it into that equation in the first place. This is Common Core 4.OA.3 — representing a problem with a letter for the unknown — reaching toward the equation-solving of 6.EE.7.