Missing addends, step by step

A missing addend turns addition into a question about what is not there yet.

The question

15 + ? = 16

15+?=16
15+?=16
1615=1
15+1=16
  1. The gap is not at the end this time — the ANSWER is already there. What is missing is one of the two numbers going in, so the sum cannot just be worked left to right.
  2. Adding is undone by taking away. Both numbers together make 16, and one of them is 15 — so the other is what is left when 15 is removed: 16 − 15.
  3. Put it back in to be sure: 15 + 1 = 16. It holds, so the missing number is 1.

How it works.

  1. 01

    The gap is not at the end this time — the ANSWER is already there. What is missing is one of the two numbers going in, so the sum cannot just be worked left to right.

  2. 02

    Adding is undone by taking away. Both numbers together make 16, and one of them is 15 — so the other is what is left when 15 is removed: 16 − 15.

  3. 03

    Put it back in to be sure: 15 + 1 = 16. It holds, so the missing number is 1.